What are the health risks associated with untreated sewage?

• A. It can contribute to air pollution and global warming
• B. It may promote the growth of beneficial bacteria
• C. It poses risks such as gastrointestinal illness and infections
• D. It has no significant health risks to the public

Answer: (C)

The option indicating that untreated sewage poses risks such as gastrointestinal illness and infections is correct because untreated sewage contains a variety of harmful pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. These pathogens can lead to serious health issues when humans are exposed to contaminated water or environments. Diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and various forms of hepatitis are examples of illnesses that can arise from contact with untreated sewage. Additionally, exposure can lead to infections that affect the skin or respiratory system. Ensuring that sewage is adequately treated is essential to protect public health and prevent these adverse health outcomes.

The other options don't accurately represent the risks associated with untreated sewage. For example, while untreated sewage might release harmful odors and contribute to environmental issues, it does not meaningfully contribute to air pollution or global warming in the same way that fossil fuels do. Promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria is not associated with untreated sewage, as the presence of harmful pathogens outweighs any potential benefits. Additionally, claiming that untreated sewage has no significant health risks contradicts established health knowledge and practices regarding sanitation and disease prevention.